The incidence in unselected cases of MDS or AML is actually quite low, at <5%, and may include cases of GATA2 germ-line mutation that were assumed to be somatic, in the absence of a germ-line DNA control (Yan et al, 2011; Luesink et al, 2012; Papaemmanuil et al, 2013; Shiba et al, 2014). The gene discussed is GATA2; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.