TLR4-defective (C3H/HeJ) and wild-type (C3H/HeOuJ) mice were intranasally infected with adeno-mS100A9 or adeno null virus and examined 10 days post infection (as the kinetics of the C3H/HeOuJ response were slightly delayed compared with C57Bl/6 mice). Here, TLR4 is linked to infection.