Our additional experiments demonstrated that there was no difference in the expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in macrophages without or with the presence of isotype-control antibody (Fig. 10), indicating that the anti-IL-1β antibody affect cancer development only through specific blockage of IL-1β, rather than through non-specific activation of macrophage. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.