These results may be, in part, explained by the partial Ca2+ channel agonist with strong Na+ and K+ channel-blocking activities of thaliporphine, which have been shown by previous studies. AQP4 mRNA expression was upregulated in the ATII cell membrane to regulate fluid exchange between the alveolar space and the alveolar epithelium barrier and facilitated pulmonary liquid clearance in case of sodium pump transport damage during ALI [22]. Here, AQP4 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.