Binding of TM to thrombin to assemble the thrombin-TM complex has the following effects: (1) activation of protein C to form activated-protein C (APC) which inhibits factors Va and VIIIa and suppresses further thrombin formation; (2) sequestration of thrombin, thereby reducing fibrin formation; (3) formation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and subsequent C5a inactivation; and (4) inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), a late mediator of sepsis [11,16]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Sepsis.