In a clinical trial exploring the role of IL-1β in type II diabetes disease progression, in which patients received IL-1Ra (s.c) once daily for 13 weeks, an improvement in insulin production and glycemic control was observed, along with a reduction in the inflammatory biomarkers, CRP and IL-6 (Larsen et al., 2007). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.