CXCL8 and neoplasm: For example, elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1 have been found after irradiation of various human or mammalian cells, such as alveolar macrophages or tumour cells [61,62] while an over-production of IL-6 and IL-8 has been described in keratinocytes, fibroblasts and glioma cells after both X-ray or UV exposure [63-65].