PTEN and neoplasm: It induced by pre-TCR signaling has been found to be important in regulation of the early stages of T-lymphocyte development, especially for the CD4−CD8− double negative (DP) to the CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) transition [23]; in addition, recent studies have also described EGR-1 as a tumor repressor that directly or indirectly upregulates multiple tumor suppressors, including PTEN, TP53, fibronectin, BCL-2, and TGF-β1, to inhibit cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, as well as induce apoptosis [24,25].