Among these genes were some [viz., PSA, NKX3.1, TMPRSS2, FKBP5, and CaMKK2 (Fig. 5Ca)] that are known to be AR-targets and contain AREs, and others that are either overexpressed [viz., MYC, APLN, OR51E<1, MCCC2, and TM4SF1 (Fig. 5Cb)] or down-regulated [viz., ATF3, DDIT3, and SQSTM1 (Fig. 5Cc)] in PCa but are not known to contain AREs, and thus may be indirect targets of AR. This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and posterior cortical atrophy.