MEST and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: Studies have also found hypermethylation of HI9, which is located at another DMR of chromosome 11p15, as well as hypomethylation of mesoderm-specific transcript homolog protein (MEST), small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N (SNPRN), pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1) in ART children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome [264,268,269].