A number of these studies have analyzed in detail the exposure of post-menopausal women to hormone therapy, and have shown that this is associated with reduced risk of specific sub-sets of CRC, according to the expression of cell cycle regulators, DNA methylation, somatic mutations (BRAF and KRAS), and microsatellite instability (MSI) (46–49). Here, KRAS is linked to colorectal carcinoma.