Recent studies have implicated the role of P2X and P2Y receptors in B cell leukemia,100 melanoma and colorectal cancer.101, 102, 103 Targeting the P2X7 receptor by selective P2X7 agonists as well as P2X7 antagonists in cancer has shown anti-tumor effect.101, 104 Furthermore, the effect of ATP infusion in patients with advanced lung cancer has proven the potential of ATP, which might become an anti-cancer agent in the future.105, 106, 107, 108 However, larger studies are required in order to verify these findings. The gene discussed is P2RX7; the disease is melanoma.