Previous studies have shown that mutation of the nuclear export signal of Beclin 1 (resulting in its nuclear retention) or deletion of the evolutionary conserved domain of Beclin 1 (which abrogates it binding to VPS34 and autophagy function) blocks its tumor suppressor activity (Liang et al., 2001; Furuya et al., 2005). Here, PIK3C3 is linked to neoplasm.