AKT1 and infection: In contrast, a high level of phosphorylated Akt was detected throughout the infection and without infection at 0 h in TiO2 NPs treated group (Fig. 10, fourth panel), especially at the time 96 to 144 h after infection, which consistent with the BmNPV proliferation characteristics of gene lef-1 and gp64 in silkworms.