SOAT1 and infection: Therefore, the infection of BmNPV activated the JAK/STAT immune signaling pathway in silkworms, and low titer of BmNPV delayed the activation of JAK/STAT immune signaling pathway and significantly reduced the expression of this pathway’s key gene, Bmstat. In the TiO2 NPs-treated group, the transcription level of Bmstat showed no obvious changes, indicating that adding TiO2 NPs alone could not induce the expression of Bmstat.