KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men in the Western Hemisphere, with approximately 899,000 patients diagnosed and 258,000 deaths worldwide in 2008.1 Patients with locally advanced disease, defined as stage categories T3-4, N0, and M0, are still prevalent in regions where the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is not widespread.2