Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed p53 and genes associated with the PI3K–AKT, MAPK, and Rap1 pathways as well as genes involved in the suppression of inflammatory bowel disease as being affected by depletion of Id2 and Id3 expression (Fig. 5B). Here, AKT1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.