Blocking antibodies against surface-expressed immune-regulatory proteins, such as CTLA4 and PD-L1 (Chambers et al, 2001; Blank et al, 2004), boost anti-tumor immunity and are successfully applied in clinical trials (van Elsas et al, 1999; Weber, 2007; Brahmer et al, 2012; Topalian et al, 2012). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.