EPCAM and neoplasm: To induce tumor lysis, we used both an antigen-dependent as well as antigen-independent system, whereby we employed, respectively, either survivin tumor antigen-specific T cells or bi-specific antibodies which cross-linked the T cell receptor (TCR) associated molecule CD3 on activated CTLs from healthy donors to the cell surface molecule EpCAM on tumor cells (Strauss et al, 1999; Fig1B).