JUN and cancer: Several studies performed in cell lines demonstrated that over-expression of LAPTM4B-35 promoted the progression of cancer cells toward highly invasive and metastatic stages via mechanisms involving activation of proto-oncogenes such as c-myc, c-fos and c-jun, upregulation of cell cycle regulators such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E [21, 22], resistance to apoptosis, activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [23] and modulating molecules associated with degradation of extracellular matrix [26].