MAPK3 and liver dysplastic nodule: UA also improves streptozotocin (STZ)-induced glomerular hypertrophy and the increased extracellular matrix in DN rats through inhibition of the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways [21].