ATP5IF1 and cancer: Cancer cells have been shown to escape ROS mediated death by inhibiting the ATP synthase hydrolytic activity via the overexpression of IF1 [229,230,231,232,233] and it has been proposed that after IF1-mediated inhibition of the ATP synthase, cancer cells survive by rewiring of energy metabolism and nuclear reprogramming due to the resulting increased ROS in their mitochondria [229,232,233].