TNF and cancer: Moreover, the switch toward an anti-inflammatory, M2-like phenotype, and general immuno-regulatory environment, characterized by elevated IL-10 protein and increased Arg1 macrophage expression consistent with decreased TNF, which is associated with increased miR-21 (illustrated in Figure 1), may also account for poor immune responses against tumor-cells characteristic of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) found in cancer-induced stroma.