TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Antisense to miR-21 has also been shown to reduce disease in two models of chronic inflammatory disease – psoriasis and SLE, with miR-21 inhibition in these cases apparently reducing inflammation, through effects on T- and B-cell activation and proliferation (in the SLE model) (79) and through negative regulation of MMP activity and TNF production (in the inflamed epidermis in the psoriasis model) (69).