NFKB1 and viral infectious disease: Evidence suggests that the immunoproteasome may play an important role during viral infection through regulation of CD8 T cell responses and proinflammatory cytokine production, activation of the NF-κB pathway, and management of oxidative stress (Groettrup et al., 2009; Ebstein et al., 2012; Basler et al., 2013b; Warnatsch et al., 2013).