C57BL/6 mice showed an increased transcriptional level of Qa1 in heart and increased levels of CTLA-4 in esophagus and PD-1 in both heart and esophagus, during the acute infection (P < 0.05), compared to controls and early chronically infected animals (Figures 3(a) and 3(b)). The gene discussed is HLA-E; the disease is infection.