Among the 56 SNPs, five SNPs (receptor for activated C kinase 1 [RACK1] rs1279736C>A and rs3756585T>G, complement component 3 [C3] rs2287845T>C, p300/CBP-associated factor [PCAF] rs17006625A>G, and pericentriolar material 1 [PCM1] rs17691523C>G) were found to be significantly associated with survival outcomes in the same direction as the discovery set in an independent validation set (Table 3 and Figure 1A–1F) when adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, tumor histology, and pathologic stage. This evidence concerns the gene RACK1 and neoplasm.