Of interest, recent evidence has suggested that one even-chain acylcarnitine in particular, L-C14 carnitine, which can accumulate with incomplete β-oxidation, has the ability to activate pro-inflammatory pathways, as well as an induction of JNK which may modulate the serine/threonine phosphorylation status of insulin signaling intermediates, perpetuating a state of insulin resistance [67,69]. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.