ALK and lung carcinoma: Molecular studies and a dual-probe “break-apart” fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay are also helpful in the diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma and lung carcinomas. RET/PTC rearrangements, BRAF mutations, and RAS mutations are frequently identified in thyroid papillary carcinoma, while EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements are usually found in lung carcinoma [12].