PTAFR and melanoma: To further investigate the molecular mechanism of the CD146-mediated metastasis and adhesion of human melanoma cells (heterotypic adhesion), Melnikova and colleagues [60] used lentiviral deliver of shRNA or siRNA to stably silence protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), or CD146 expression in human melanoma C8161-c9 cells.