For GC, seven SNPs in PLCE1 were significantly associated with GC risk, exceeding the Bonferroni-corrected threshold, which was previously identified by the initial GWAS, as with ESCC; and one SNP in ITPKB (rs3754378) with P < 0.001 (Supplementary Table SI). Here, ITPKB is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.