INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These experimental findings exploring chronic repetitive sleep restriction are highly relevant because such sleep patterns are common in modern society and it has been suggested that chronic sleep restriction leads to the development of obesity and diabetes mellitus,36 in addition to other cardiometabolic consequences.37 Over a prolonged period of time (years or decades), this improvement in insulin sensitivity could be highly relevant in delaying or even preventing prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus in a relatively healthy young individual.