KDR and glioma: Knock-down of VEGFR-2 in glioma cells led to decreased phosphorylation and thus reduced activity of two central resistance factors, protein kinase B (AKT/PKB)S473 and N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG)1T346 [11, 18], suggesting molecular cues for the increased resistance of VEGFR-2-positive glioma cells towards alkylating chemotherapy (Figure 3D).