For example, a recent study examining human gliomas found coordinated up-regulation of UPR targets and glycolysis, which correlated with poor patient prognosis (Epple et al. 2013); and both ER stress (Win et al. 2013) and overexpression of Perk (Muñoz et al. 2013) have been shown to reduce mitochondrial respiration in cultured mammalian cells. Here, EIF2AK3 is linked to glioma.