AVP and Astigmatism: In addition, both refractive and internal astigmatism were significantly correlated with the differences in area at the superior, inferior and nasal regions (Pearson’s r = 0.27 to 0.45, all p≤0.04), as well as ADH+ADV (Pearson’s r = 0.31 and 0.34, both p≤0.05).