Vascular leukostasis is not associated with up-regulated cellular adhesion markers such as ICAM, ELAM, PECAM and gpIIbIIIa, as it is in C. perfringens infections, suggesting that there is an alternate mechanism by which host cells are modulated to allow bacterial invasion and subsequent intoxication [34,35,36,37,38]. This evidence concerns the gene SELE and infection due to clostridium perfringens.