TNF and Alzheimer disease: In this regard, there are several lines of evidence indicating that TNFα signaling makes a considerable contribution to this disease.24 Here we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to systematically analyze in postmortem hippocampal samples from AD patients the proteins implicated in this signaling pathway, including the antagonists of DRs: CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR, aliases cFLIP-L), Lifeguard, and FAIM-L (Supplementary Information and Supplementary Figure S1).