KL and hepatocellular carcinoma: Our previous studies have revealed that anoikis resistance could be conferred by HBX/PAK1, Mgat5/EGFR/PAK1 and Klotho/VEGFR2/PAK1 activation in hepatoma cells.41, 42, 43 Moreover, Chen et al.44 have demonstrated that C-terminal kinase domain of the p34cdc2-related PITSLRE protein kinase (p110c) associated with PAK1 and inhibits its activity during anoikis; Menard et al.17 and Guo et al.45 have showed that active PAK1 could rescue cells from undergoing anoikis.