MAPK8 and neoplasm: Besides, PAK1 is also a component of various signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), JUN N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, all of which are believed to be important in carcinogenesis.9 Moreover, PAK1 has been found to play critical roles in anoikis resistance that facilitates metastasis by allowing tumor cells to survive following detachment from the matrix in original tissue and travelling to distant sites.