PAK1 and neoplasm: Table 2 lists the univariate and multivariate analysis of potential prognostic factors for OS. Univariate analysis revealed that ECOG PS (P=0.040), tumor size (P=0.003), TNM stage (P<0.001), tumor thrombus (P<0.001), Fuhrman grade (P<0.001) and p-PAK1 expression (P<0.001) all significantly influenced OS. Further adjustment of covariate factors by using multivariate Cox analysis identified together with ECOG PS, tumor size, TNM stage, tumor thrombus, and Fuhrman grade and p-PAK1 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P=0.029) in RCC patients.