Twenty-four patients hospitalized in a neurologic ICU with hyperglycemia (≥10 mM) or already receiving insulin therapy were randomly assigned to receive one of the following over a 48-hour period: fully automated closed-loop therapy (model predictive control algorithm directing insulin and 20% dextrose infusion based on FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) continuous subcutaneous glucose values, n =12) or a local protocol (moderate glucose target of 6.0 to 8.0 mmol/L, n =12) with intravenous sliding-scale insulin. Here, INS is linked to Hyperglycemia.