Knockdown of NRP1 even suppressed EBV infection in HNE1 cells with persistently activated Ras (Fig. 6i), suggesting that the activated Ras signalling was associated with but insufficient for EBV infection, and highlights the role of NRP1 in facilitating EBV entry into nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. This evidence concerns the gene NRP1 and Epstein-Barr virus infection.