Breast cancer samples predicted by these classifiers as having a higher expression of immune response genes (good-prognosis) indeed overexpressed PDL1. Second, we found that the probability of activation [40] of immune-related pathways such as IFNα, IFNγ, STAT3 and TNFα was associated with PDL1 overexpression, both in the whole cohort of samples and in each molecular subtype (data not shown). Here, TNF is linked to breast cancer.