Our results add NOD2 as an important PRR to the growing list of immune components that protect against dysbiosis and metabolic disease during obesity, which includes TLR2 (Caricilli et al, 2011), TLR5 (Vijay-Kumar et al, 2010), and inflammasome components (Henao-Mejia et al, 2012). The gene discussed is TLR5; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.