With regards treatment, for RA we found that hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, prednisolone and anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies were most commonly used, while for AAV, cyclophosphamide, pulsed methylprednisolone, and oral prednisolone were most commonly used induction therapies followed by azathioprine as remission maintenance therapy. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.