A French nationwide survey identified 39 cases of vasculitis induced following use of TNF antagonists (Saint Marcoux & De Bandt 2006), while a larger series of 379 cases of anti-TNF agent-induced autoimmune diseases and identified 118 patients with vasculitis, most of whom only showed cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and 11 (9.3 %) were positive for ANCA (Ramos-Casals et al. 2008). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and autoimmune disease.