However, the results of all studies aimed at inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway can be analyzed two ways, due to the dual roles of FOXP1 in cancer: While FOXP1 exhibits oncogenic functions in hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma and DLBCL, it has also demonstrated suppressor roles in non-small cell lung, prostate and breast cancer (15,29,30). Here, FOXP1 is linked to glioblastoma.