For example, epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations (21) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements (22) were identified as independent prognostic factors for advanced NSCLC, thus, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (23) and ALK inhibitors (24) were developed to target these two genes, and proved successful in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Here, ALK is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.