Our previous studies demonstrated that RKIP downregulation significantly contributes to the invasiveness and metastatic potential of a number of different types of human carcinoma, including CRC (14–19); for example, it was identified that RKIP expression was significantly reduced in metastatic tumor tissues compared with corresponding primary tumor and non-neoplastic tissues (15,17,18,20). This evidence concerns the gene PEBP1 and carcinoma.