199) and during their transformation it induces activation of JUN/AP1, which cooperates with GLI1 and GLI2 (Ref. 200). Interestingly, a group of HH-EGFR cooperation response genes – SOX2, SOX9, JUN, CXCR4 and FGF19 – has been shown to determine the oncogenic phenotype of BCC and pancreatic CSCs (Ref. 201). Here, GLI1 is linked to skin basal cell carcinoma.