AKT1 and depressive disorder: GSK3 is a kinase whose dysfunction is central to depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder [5,50–52], and selective GSK-3 inhibitors, largely ATP competitors, have been reported to have an antidepressant-like effect in mice [53,54] with modulation of the upstream PI3K-Akt-GSK3 pathway also playing a critical role [55,56].