Simultaneously, expression levels of T-bet and ROR-γ, the specific transcription factors associated with proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively, were upregulated, whereas expression levels of GATA-3 and Foxp3, the specific transcription factors associated with antiinflammatory Th2 and Treg cells, respectively, were downregulated in the hippocampus of AD model rats (Fig. 5B). This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and Alzheimer disease.