Upon ligand binding (e.g. EGF,TGF-α), the receptor undergoes homo/hetero-dimerization with its familymembers (or other RTKs) and activates several downstream signaling pathwaysincluding Ras-Raf-MAPK, PI3K/Akt and the signal transducer and activators oftranscription (STAT), that are known to drive tumour growth, proliferation, survivaland angiogenesis [16,17]. Here, EGF is linked to neoplasm.