Gowda et al. recently reported that the synergistic inhibition of both the hedgehog and androgen receptor signaling pathways suppressed the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer, whereas inhibition of either the hedgehog or androgen receptor pathways individually could not achieve similar levels of growth suppression [28], suggesting that both pathways play a critical synergistic role in the biology of prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene AR and Familial prostate cancer.