Moreover, uncontrolled expression of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis (as shown by up-regulation of SREBP1c, GSK3β phosphorylation and PEPCK, respectively) in the face of hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia, further exacerbates diabetic dyslipidemia upon prolonged HFHS dieting. This evidence concerns the gene PCK2 and hyperinsulinism.