NPPB and Hypertension: With respect to the biphasic associations between BNP or fragments of proBNP and metabolic and anthropometric variables associated with hypertension [19,21,28], in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, including 5,597 individuals, 45–84 years of age, the well-established negative associations between NT-proBNP and BMI and insulin resistance were only found in participants with NT-proBNP concentrations <100 pg/mL (the physiological range), whereas at higher NT-proBNP concentrations (the pathological range), these associations were blunted [30].